Our neurosurgeons can correct or minimize mild to severe deformities that affect a child’s skull. Examples include skull fractures and craniosynostosis. 

In some children with epilepsy, a specific area of the brain causes seizures. Surgical interventions can cure the condition or reduce the number or intensity of seizures. We may recommend cutting away the brain tissue that’s causing seizures or using a laser to destroy it.

Another procedure for epilepsy is vagus nerve stimulation. We implant a device under the skin in the left chest and connect it to the vagus nerve in the neck. The device sends mild electrical impulses through the nerve. The impulses can reduce the abnormal electrical signals responsible for seizures. 

This condition is caused by abnormal fluid buildup deep within the brain in cavities called ventricles. This fluid buildup puts harmful pressure on brain tissue. Surgical intervention can help control symptoms, reduce pressure and protect the brain. 

One method is to place a drainage system under your child’s scalp. A tube called a shunt or catheter takes the fluid away from the brain and into the belly, where it can be naturally absorbed. Examples include endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VP shunt). A drainage system may have to stay in place for life and may require future surgeries. 

Another surgical option for hydrocephalus involves creating a small hole at the base of the brain. This option gives excess fluid a way to escape the brain. 

Neurocutaneous disorders are rare, genetic disorders that are present at birth. They can cause tumors to grow on the brain, spinal cord, organs, skin and bones. We have a multispecialty clinic for children with neurocutaneous disorders such as tuberous sclerosis and neurofibromatosis. In addition to neurosurgeons, the team may include neurologists, hematologists/oncologists, cardiologists and nephrologists as needed.

We offer medical and surgical treatments for spasticity that’s present at birth (congenital) and occurs later in life (acquired) through our Spasticity Clinic. They include:  

• Baclofen pump: Baclofen is a muscle relaxant to treat spasticity. A surgeon places a small pump under the skin of the abdomen. A thin tube connects the pump to the spine, where the medicine is delivered. A pump can make medication more effective at a lower dose and reduce sleepiness as a side effect. The pump must be refilled every few months and replaced every five to seven years.  
• Selective dorsal rhizotomy: This minimally invasive procedure cuts away some sensory nerve fibers in the spine. It can permanently reduce leg spasticity, often improving independent walking. 

The neural tube is a structure that forms the early brain and spine in a baby as it grows in the womb. An open neural tube defect is a problem with how the brain, spinal cord or spine forms before birth. Spina bifida is the most common type of neural tube defect.

If your obstetrician or neonatal neurologist identifies this type of defect in your unborn baby, surgery before birth may help. We can repair some of these defects or reduce fluid on your baby’s brain (hydrocephalus) by going through the uterus. This surgery can improve outcomes after your baby is born. Our specialists can also repair neural tube defects and treat hydrocephalus after birth. We follow children throughout their lives at our Spina Bifida Clinic. 

Surgery for a brain or spine tumor is often curative. It usually involves a craniotomy, which temporarily removes part of the skull to expose the brain for the procedure. Once we have access to the brain, we can cut out part or all of the tumor. We may also use laser ablation to target and destroy tumor tissue. Then the section of skull is put back into place. This less invasive option is available for some types of tumors.

A Chiari malformation occurs when part of your child’s brain tissue extends into their spinal canal. It’s caused when the lower back part of the skull is too small or misshapen and presses on brain tissue. Surgery can be curative or dramatically reduce symptoms, including headaches, balance problems, choking and gagging.